
Categories of music video:
Camera shots:
Music videos include many long-shots, close-ups and mid-shots; these are used to show the artist, location and emotions so that the audience is brought into the video. Not only are the close-ups used for emotional aspects but to reflect the words of the song with the movement of the artist's lips when they sing the song.
Camera movement:
Camera movements are used to follow and to trace the artist/band, when the camera movements are present they usually include tits, pans, tracking and camera crane shots to add an effect to the video: make it seem more interesting.
Mise en scene:
This usually refers to the arrangements made by performers, props on stage or in a scene for production of a music video or any other media texts. Mise en scene puts in importance of something that is being represented, an example of this is ‘Mad’ by Ne-Yo when the mise en scene shows him walking by himself down the road in an isolated room: this therefore has a meaning as it relates to him being isolated by the one that he loves. Also the props include the dark setting, dark clothes and dull colours which fits well to the lyrics of the song. The angry, depressed mood is raised by the black and white colours. This is an example of what mise en scene does.
Editing:
Jump cuts are the most important editing techniques in music videos: this is because it allows a sudden change from one scene to another making the music videos seem more interesting. Transitions such as fade and dissolve are the most common in music videos as it allows creating different effects on the audience.
Lighting:
Sometimes the lighting will be black and white to create a specific mod (depressing/sad) to make the audience feel the way the artist is or wants you to feel. Also, artificial colours are used as they put the artist in an enhanced look. If the lighting is light and many bright colours are used in the background, clothes etc. it changes the mood to happy. Whereas, if there are dull colours used everywhere in the music video this implies that the setting (mood) is sad.
Sound:
Most of the time, the sound are the vocals or the song however there are some extra sounds such as talking or any sound effects that may be included in the narrative. A good example of this, is Michael Jackson video- Thriller where they changed the video to short film with different sounds.
Props:
These are very important to fill up the meaning of the song/music video as it all depends on objects within the music videos such as: the clothes, the people, the clothes etc. as they create the mood that the audience is supposed to be feeling. These all make up the meaning.
Costume:
These fit well to whatever the mise en scene is therefore the costumes go with the scenes and the song as it reflects the genre. The costumes as have a slight importance on how the viewers look at it as they might dress like them because they use some of the celebrities as role models.
Colour:
These set the mood of the song through creating an atmosphere e.g. dark colours are mostly used in rock songs and hip hop and bright colours are mostly used in pop videos.




Conventions of music video:




Conventions of album covers


Album cover analysis
The “Dark side of the moon” was aimed to represent the Pink Floyd’s live shows to be known for their: lighting, ambition and madness. It was specifically sparked off by Rick Wright who wanted something very simple, clinical and precise. It isn’t an original design however the combination of the lighting is very effective for example the rainbow light coming into the triangle and coming out as a normal light colour. It’s also interesting how the main colour of the album is black which gives a depressing mood as it’s very dark, however the main colours we concentrate on is the rainbow turning into a white light. This gives the illusion of the originality and how you can make something simple into something unusual which may be the representation of what the bad is- unusual as they always come up with interesting images used for their albums. The hopes were that the albums will reach a certain kind of synergy to give inspiration and at this time, Pink Floyd will really experiment with their music ideas and created the melodic richness of the sound which is when they came out with this album. The fact that they experimented with the sounds to create something original related to the image as the rainbow represents all the different ideas they had and combined them to create something original which represents the white bright light. The album doesn’t have a title which is quite interesting as it’ll keep the audience curious and make them look at it more clearly and try to find out the name of it making it more noticeable.
This album cover is very famous due to the famous English rock band – the Beatles and due to the famous place- Abbey Road. Abbey Road is a rock album that is famous for its: blues, pop and progressive rock. The fact that they’re walking on the zebra crossing makes the Beatles seem as if they’re normal people trying to cross the road where they’re supposed to. Usually we imagine celebrities getting a lot of attention, whereas from this album, it just shows them casually crossing the road. Another thing, is that they’re all wearing suits made by Tommy Nutter which in this case would be promotion as they’re promoting his clothes. The Beatles’ album cover was the only original album in the UK to not show the artist’s name nor the title of the album which created a lot of mystery as there was nothing to look at expect the picture. The white car in the image has a lot of significance due to the fact that it was in the image and in 1986 the car was sold at auction for £2,530 and in 2001 it was on display in a museum in Germany.
The album cover was totally unexpected as many roads were have to be closed, and an American tourist Paul Cole who is in the image was totally unaware that this image was taken and didn’t realise he was in it until the album came out. This makes the background story of this album seem completely different as we start to think that this image and shoot was quickly done without making a fuss about it. Which also links with the fact that they’re crossing the road- making it short, quick and simple. In December 2010, the crossing was given grade II listed status for its “cultural and historical importance”. It was Paul McCartney’s idea to go outside and take a picture of the streets and then name the album after the street- Abbey Road. In the image Paul is holding a cigarette, which could symbolise that he doesn’t mind what people think of him- he’s just acting like a typical person- he doesn’t care to look presentable however the suits show otherwise. Another interesting thing about Paul, is that he’s bare footed which seems odd which catches people’s attention. He might’ve done that as in some cultures, some people bury dead bodies bare footed which fits in with the rumour of the funeral which also links in with the suits they’re wearing as John Lennon’s suit is white which in some cultures this is what you wear at a funeral, whereas the others are wearing the traditional back suit which is why many associated it with a funeral especially when Paul died.

The album cover shows Michael Jackson as a rebel, someone who constantly gets in trouble and who you should be scared of. We can see that through the looks of Michael Jackson that he has in the album- he’s dressed in all black as if he’s a part of a gang. We can also see that he’s aiming for that look through the facial expression, as he doesn’t look very welcoming, the title ‘BAD’ backs this up, as the whole idea was to look dangerous. In comparison, the lyrical themes on the record relate to mass bias, paranoia, racial profiling, romance, self-improvement and world peace, which has a completely different meaning to the appearance of the album. Michael Jackson’s idea was always to bring peace into the world with his lyrics especially for this album., which therefore changes the whole meaning of the album. In my opinion, after researching the meanings of the lyrics, I thought that maybe Michael wanted to show people that ‘BAD’ is the new meaning of ‘good’. This is because many people believe that being ‘bad’ is much cooler and Michael wanted to give a message through this album that you can still be cool if you’re nice to one another. Michael also has a song called ‘BAD’ in the album which shows him in a video dressed like he is on album cover which represents him as the bad guy especially as he’s with a gang- a group of people who look dangerous- jumping over the barriers, however they don’t look as bad to harm anyone, they only want to look like it.